Mentor Teachers Speak: Valuing Teacher Voices in English Education

This narrative inquiry case study brings the voices of mentor teachers into the discourse of English language arts teacher preparation. In a series of interviews, mentor teachers discuss the challenges faced by student teachers, the pedagogical content knowledge needed to teach secondary ELA, and the relationship between secondary schools and universities. At the heart of this project is a desire to empower mentor teachers, whose voices are often missing from scholarship about teacher preparation. This study can give English educators and mentor teachers common ground, fostering connections between the colleges who prepare new teachers and the schools in which they will teach

The Perpetual Invasion : Past as Prologue in Constitutional Immigration Law

Donald Trump ascended to the presidency largely on the promise to protect the American people—their physical and financial security, their culture and language, even the integrity of their electoral system—against an invading foreign menace. Only extraordinary defensive measures, including “extreme vetting” of would-be immigrants, a ban on Muslims entering the United States, and a 2,000-mile-long wall along the nation’s southern border could repel the encroaching hordes. If candidate Trump’s scapegoating of unauthorized migrants and refugees was disarmingly effective, it was also eerily familiar to those of us who study the history of immigration law and policy. Indeed, the trope of an immigrant “invasion” has long been a rhetorical mainstay of American political discourse. Much less well understood, however, is the extent to which the invasion trope has also shaped the federal government’s vast, extra-constitutional, and largely unrestrained authority to exclude or expel noncitizens from the United States. This Article describes the origin of that authority in the nativist movements of the late-nineteenth century, including both the virulent anti-Chinese crusade that culminated in the Chinese Exclusion Act, and the decades-long and ultimately successful campaign to severely curtail the immigration of “new” Europeans from Southern and Eastern Europe. The legacy of this history endures to the present, as the Supreme Court continues to account for its broad deference to the political branches on immigration matters in terms of an inextricable connection between immigration regulation and the conduct of national security. This Article concludes by considering whether President Trump’s unusually candid (unusual, at least, during the last half-century) deployment of the invasion trope might have an edifying effect on the Supreme Court in Trump v. Hawaii, the travel ban case, as the justices contemplate the implications of deferring to a President whose campaign-season political demagoguery has now mutated to official United States policy

How to differentiate a quantum stochastic cocycle.

Two new approaches to the infinitesimal characterisation of quantum stochastic cocycles are reviewed. The first concerns mapping cocycles on an operator space and demonstrates the role of H\"older continuity; the second concerns contraction operator cocycles on a Hilbert space and shows how holomorphic assumptions yield cocycles enjoying an infinitesimal characterisation which goes beyond the scope of quantum stochastic differential equations

Quantum stochastic cocycles and completely bounded semigroups on operator spaces

An operator space analysis of quantum stochastic cocycles is undertaken. These are cocycles with respect to an ampliated CCR flow, adapted to the associated filtration of subspaces, or subalgebras. They form a noncommutative analogue of stochastic semigroups in the sense of Skorohod. One-to-one correspondences are established between classes of cocycle of interest and corresponding classes of one-parameter semigroups on associated matrix spaces. Each of these 'global' semigroups may be viewed as the expectation semigroup of an associated quantum stochastic cocycle on the corresponding matrix space. The classes of cocycle covered include completely positive contraction cocycles on an operator system, or C*-algebra; completely contractive cocycles on an operator space; and contraction operator cocycles on a Hilbert space. As indicated by Accardi and Kozyrev, the Schur-action matrix semigroup viewpoint circumvents technical (domain) limitations inherent in the theory of quantum stochastic differential equations. An infinitesimal analysis of quantum stochastic cocycles from the present wider perspective is given in a sister paper.Comment: 32 page

Quantum stochastic convolution cocycles II

Schuermann's theory of quantum Levy processes, and more generally the theory of quantum stochastic convolution cocycles, is extended to the topological context of compact quantum groups and operator space coalgebras. Quantum stochastic convolution cocycles on a C*-hyperbialgebra, which are Markov-regular, completely positive and contractive, are shown to satisfy coalgebraic quantum stochastic differential equations with completely bounded coefficients, and the structure of their stochastic generators is obtained. Automatic complete boundedness of a class of derivations is established, leading to a characterisation of the stochastic generators of *-homomorphic convolution cocycles on a C*-bialgebra. Two tentative definitions of quantum Levy process on a compact quantum group are given and, with respect to both of these, it is shown that an equivalent process on Fock space may be reconstructed from the generator of the quantum Levy process. In the examples presented, connection to the algebraic theory is emphasised by a focus on full compact quantum groups.Comment: 32 pages, expanded introduction and updated references. The revised version will appear in Communications in Mathematical Physic

Quantum stochastic convolution cocycles III

Every Markov-regular quantum Levy process on a multiplier C*-bialgebra is shown to be equivalent to one governed by a quantum stochastic differential equation, and the generating functionals of norm-continuous convolution semigroups on a multiplier C*-bialgebra are then completely characterised. These results are achieved by extending the theory of quantum Levy processes on a compact quantum group, and more generally quantum stochastic convolution cocycles on a C*-bialgebra, to locally compact quantum groups and multiplier C*-bialgebras. Strict extension results obtained by Kustermans, together with automatic strictness properties developed here, are exploited to obtain existence and uniqueness for coalgebraic quantum stochastic differential equations in this setting. Then, working in the universal enveloping von Neumann bialgebra, we characterise the stochastic generators of Markov-regular, *-homomorphic (respectively completely positive and contractive), quantum stochastic convolution cocycles.Comment: 20 pages; v2 corrects some typos and no longer contains a section on quantum random walk approximations, which will now appear as a separate submission. The article will appear in the Mathematische Annale

Ground Measurements of Airplane Shock-Wave Noise at Mach Numbers to 2.0 and at Altitudes to 60,000 Feet

The intensity of shock-wave noise at the ground resulting from flights at Mach numbers to 2.0 and altitudes to 60,000 feet was measured. Meagurements near the ground track for flights of a supersonic fighter and one flight of a supersonic bomber are presented. Level cruising flight at an altitude of 60,000 feet and a Mach number of 2.0 produced sonic booms which were considered to be tolerable, and it is reasonable t o expect that cruising flight at higher altitudes will produce booms of tolerable intensity for airplanes of the size and weight of the test airplanes. The measured variation of sonic-boom intensity with altitude was in good agreement with the variation calculated by an equation given in NASA Technical Note D-48. The effect of Mach number on the ground overpressure is small between Mach numbers of 1.4 and 2.0, a result in agreement with the theory. No amplification of the shock-wave overpressures due to refraction effects was apparent near the cutoff Mach number. A method for estimating the effect of fligh-path angle on cutoff Mach number is shown. Experimental results indicate agreement with the method, since a climb maneuver produced booms of a much decreased intensity as compared with the intensity of those measured in level flight at about the same altitude and Mach number. Comparison of sound pressure levels for the fighter and bomber airp lanes indicated little effect of either airplane size or weight at an altitude of 40,000 feet